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'P. E. PORTER. Paper-Bag Machine.

No. 205,133. Patented June 18, 1878.7

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Paper-Bag Machine.

No.205,133. Patnted June 18, 1878.

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5 Sheets-Sheet 8. P. E.-PORTER. Paper-Bag Machine.

No. 205,133. Paten ted June 18, 1878.

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P. EQPORTER. PaperFBag Machine.

Patened June 1 8, 1878.

I/V' VEJV'TOR Frederick fll arier 12 lu'x 0 5 Sheets-Sheet s. I. E. PORTER. Paper-Bag Machine.

No. 205,133. Patented June 18, I878.

1 r E w .M n M WITNEAS'SJLS I a M By his .ltlnrneys HALF HIS RIGHT TO RODNEY B. SMITH, OF SAME-PLACE.

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EMPROVEET EN PAPER BAG'ACHlNES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. $,fi $3, dated J mic-1s, 18 78.; application filed April 16, 1878'.

To all whom it may concern: 1

Be it known that I, FREDERICK E. PORTER,

ofBaltimo're city, in the State of Maryland,

. have inventedeertain new and useful Tm provenents in the Art of and-Apparatus for Mannfacturing Paper Tubes, and laper Bags, of which the following is a specification:

My object mainly is to produce automatically duplex bagsj-that is to say,bags made front two separate papers, one of which forms the put-side and the other the lining. In some instances the lining maybe of. the samequality and color of paper as the outside; but usually the bags are made with their insides or linings of a white or suitably-colored paper, which, when the bags are used, will show off their contents to advantage, and an outer paper of stronger, cheaper, and coarser material, either bleached ,or unbleached. Heretofore it has been a common custom with druggists and others to line bags by hand with a. paper of a color best'suited to expose the substances to be placed in theni to advantage, and also to use for such lining chemi-.

cally-prepared papers to resistthe-action of certain drugs, 820., The making of such bags by hand is slow and expensive, whether the lining is composed of separately-made com- "pl gs or of sheets of paper folded and pasted in place.

By my i rovcmentsl automatically and simultaneous y form two tubes, one within the other, from two sheets or. webs. of paper taken from their respective rolls. The duplex tube thus formed is severed into lengths suitable for the bags. The manner of severing the two-tubes is such as to facilitate the application of paste to the bottoms, so as securely to hold the linings and outsides together when .folded to form the bottoms. r My invention further consists in certain novel organizations of parts, and in combinations of devices for carrying out my improvements.

The subject'matter claimed will hereinafter specifically be designated;

In the accompanying drawings, which show so much only of suitable apparatus as is necessary to illustrate In y invention, I have shown.

all my improvements, or means for carrying out my improvements, as embodied in the best some of the improvements'inay be used without the others, or in anorganization of mechanism ditfering in :somerespects from that FREDERICK E. PORTER,- or BALTIMORE, MARYLANl),ASS1GNOR or one form now known to me. Obviously,-however,'

ployed, or the bottom pasting and folding may I be done by hand.

Figure 1 is a side elevation y Fig. 2, a plan or top view; Fig.3, a view similar to Fig. 2,

except that the paper is removed and parts are shown in section on theline 3 3 of 'Fig. 4;

Fig. 4,'a longitudinal vertical-section on, the

line 4 4. of Fig. 2 Fig. 5, a view, in elevation,

.on an enlarged] scale, 'of the drawing and former supporting rolls, with the formers in section in the plane of the line 5 5 of Fig. 2.;

Fig. 6, a view, in elevation, on an 'enlarged.

scale, with parts in transverse section on the line (i 6. of Fig.2, showing the pressing or folding finger, which causes the, overlapping edge of the inner strip of paper to adhere. to

the opposite pasted edge to form the inner V lining-tube; Fig; 7, a view on an enlarged scale, partly in elevation and partly in section, in the plane of the line 7 7 of Fig. 2, showing the seam-pressing rolls, forniers, and com plete tubes; Fig. 8, a view, partly in elevation and partly-in section, on the line 8 8 of Fig. 2,, showing the relative arrangement'and 'manner of supporting the two formers at their inner ends, where the paper is first acted upon by them; Fig. 9, an enlarged-view, partly in section, on the'line 9 9 of "Fig; 2, showing the somewhat exaggerated or-magnified, of the duplex tubular bag-blanks and the complete bag. Fig. 13 is a plan of the blank as (Cl-1V! machine, of s per somewhat at the edges ered from-the machine Fig. 14, a longitudinal section therethrough on the line 14 14 of Fig. 13; Fig. 15, a plan of .the bag, and Fig.

16 a section on the line 16 16 of Fig. 15, on an enlarged scale. Fig. 17 is a plan or top view,

with parts Frozen away, of a portion of the Fig. 18 is a section on the line 18 18 of Fig. 17. and Figs. 19 and 20 are, respectively, longi-,

tudinal sections of portions of a tubular blank and a bag somewhat modified,

A suitable supporting frame-bed or table, A,

' is mounted on legs A or otherwise, as desired.

Atthe front end of the frame two rollers can'y rolls B B of paper, composed of long webs or sheets of the proper width for the bags to be made. The two sheets are preferably of corresponding width; butthe inner one maybe narrower than the outer one. Suitable springs to keep the requisite tension upon the rolls .to prevent too free unwinding of the paper are employed, as usual. The rolls are supported in standards b1), the roll B this instance being above and in advance ,of the roll Thepager rolls are so arranged relatively to reach 0 er, or thepaper so wound upon the rollers, as to cause the edge a of the paper as drawn from the top roll B to overlap the edge a of the paper supplied from the bottom roll B, as seen in Figs. 2 and 9. The upper roll B supplies the lining-paper, or that from which the inner tube is formed, and the roll B supplies the paper for the outer tube. It.

is obvious that the two sheets might be rolled up together upon a single shaft or roll in such manner as to be supplied therefrom with one edge of one sheet projecting beyond the corresponding edge of the other sheet; orthe two passes over this roller the under surface of V the edges a and a. of the two sheets are simultaneousl'y pasted by suitable paste-applying devices, which cause the pasteto adhere in parallei lines upon the paper at or near-the edges.

The paste is shown by the drawings as applied by the two revolving wheels D D fast on the shaft 0', and taking up the paste rom a reservoir, D. These wheels are properly arranged so as not to apply the paste in such manneras to cause the two sheets to adhere, and they are preferably made of a diameter slightly exseeding that pf the roller 0, so asto bear with suificient force on the sheets of paper under tension to insurea proper application of the paste. Bymaking .the paste-wheels project slightly above the roller-(J-they strain the pa: and travel for a short. rtion of their revolution in contact with e paper, thus rendering a failure touniewhat modified constructiom formly apply the lines of paste to thetwo sheets hardly possible.

The two sheets next are acted upon by the wheels (or it may be a roller) E E, beneath which they pass downwardly from the roller '0. These wheels press upon-the sheets while they are under tension, and depress their central portions, and create a tendency of the edges of the sheets to curl or bend upward, as is well understood, preparatory to the passage of the paper to a former or tubing devlces. I

I have adapted two formers to the simultaneous and continuous forming of two tubes, the one tube within the other, and the two separate and wholly unconnected with each other, except. by mere frictional contact of their contiguous surfaces. Obviously paste might readily be so applied to one or both sheets of paper as to cause them to adhere together, so as to have the inner tube or lining andthe outer tube secured together; but I prefer to have them wholly unconnected, and to unitethe properly-severed sectionsof the finished tubes together afterward, at the bagbottoms only, by applying paste to the double tubular blanks and folding over the bottoms, as wlllhereiuafter beexplained. I

The outside former, or the one around which the outer tube is formed, is composed of a plate or mandrel, F, suspended at its inner end from an arched support or bridge, F}, securedto the frame or table A. The former is supported from the bridge byabent rod or pendent centrally-open bracket, e. Near its outer or free end theplate is cut away to form a narrow part or neck, f, which rests over or ,in annular grooves or recesses 9 h, formed respectively in the bottom roller Gof a pair of supporting and pressing rollers, and in the corresponding roller H of a pair of supporting and drawing rollers. .;At, its outer end the former platewidens out to the width of its main part again, and is serrated or formed with teeth, so as to terminate in a transversely arranged row of teeth, f. Intermediate its ends the former-plate is supported by a roller,

F, (or it may be several rollers, according to the length of the plate,) which roller raises the bottom surfaeeof the plate above the table adistance suflicient to prevent frictional contactbetween the paper and table. Were the paper drawn along with its under side in contaetwith the table A, the frictional contact between rough-surfaced paper and the 'ble would sometimes wrinkle, and, aga n, tear, the paper. The lining-former, or device for tubing the sheetdrawn from the roll B, is shorter than the'bottom former F, and consists of a plate or mandrel, I, of a width preferably about the bottom former, though it may be of a less width, suspended at its inner end from a supporting-bracket or peculiarly-curved overhanging frame, I, a little in advance of the bridge or support F served, is secured at its ends to the frame or This bracket, it should be ob- L la corresponding with thatof 5 ing the lining.-

table A, and projects from each end upward, and then inward and downward, being fastened at its center toa forming-block, 1 ,011 the top of the plate I. A space is left between the top and bottom platesor formers F I amply su'flicient to allow the pa per for forme to pass between them. The top. former-pla e I has a serrated end, J, and a neck, 1', similar to the corresponding parts of the bottom former, except that the serrated end of the bottom former projects slightly beyond the end of the topformer, for a purpose hereinafter to be explained, and

that the neck '5 is shorter and wider than the neck f of the bottom former. (See dotted lines,-Fig, 3.) By continuing the broad por-' tion of the plate I to or slightly beyond the vertical plane of p the longitudinal center of the preventsthe paper being clamped upon the plate by the pressure of the rollers H H, while insuring aprop'er bite or pressureof the draw-rolls uponthe paper at each sideof the former-necks, as will readily be understood by J an inspection of the drawings.

A stationary serrated plate or fixed cutter, J crosses above the formers, so as to lie upon or close to and slightly above the upper surface of the outer tube; This knife or'cutter.

is secured at its ends to the opposite sides of the frame, and is preferably inclined-so as to depress its toothed edge, which edge isabout as far from the toothed end J of the,

upperformer as'this toothed end is from the corresponding outer end f of the bottom former. The object'of this construction and relativearrangement willhereinafter be explained. c V I v A pressing-finger, K, for acting on the paper to aid in forming the tub'e and to counteract the tendency of the paper to cu'rlup or wrinkle at its pasted 'edge is secured by an adjustable pivot or screw to that-able, and

beers at its inner end upon the outer paper quite near its pasted edge. A curved-hookended pressing and folding finger or rod, L, crosses above the pasted edgeiof the outer sheet, and acts upon the overlapping edge of V the lining pape'r to press it down upon thepasted edge.

Plates M M, adjustably secured to the table on each side of the formers, overlap them, and press the tubes up to the edges of the former,

and cause them'to' maintaintheir shape.

- These tube pressing or forming plates give the proper shape to the tubes, andaid also'in pressing downthe pasted seams preparatory tot-he action of the pressing-rolls G G.

' The double tube, after passing beyondthe ends of the formers, is acted upon by; supple mentary or bag-blank drawing and feedingthat it should so project.

I y. coarse V s rollers N N, driven from the driving-shaft or lower draw-roller H,-bygearing Q 0 0, connecting the driving-roller with the lower roller N. In this waythe end 0f t-he tube is nipped between and carried forward by the rollers N N, and held under tension during the operation of atube-deflecting-rod or striker.- 1, fast on a shaft, N in line with the shaft of the roller N, and revolved by gearing 0 0 0 so as tostrike the tube from below and quickly press it upward against the ends of the formers, as well as against the knife J to separate the bag blanks Q therefrom at regular intervals. ployed to guide the end of the tube to the rollmechanism.

The pressing-rollers, tube-drawing rollers, and supplementary or blank-drawing rollers are pheferably self-adjusting relatively, to each other, to suit variations in the thickness of the tube.

In operation the two sheets of paper have, of course, to be fed along by hand, and prop drawing-rolls H H, the lower one of which is any suitable way. Theoutside paper B passes beneath the bottom former, while the liningpaper B passes between. the two formers, .bev ing first led through the open pendent frame or suspending-bracket of the bridgeF', between its sides or arms (2. The outer paper passes outside or around this suspendingbracket. At proper intervals, according to the length of blanksdesirml, as the two sheets are thus tubed onewithin the other by the continuous operation of the mechanism, the striker P is thrownup, and severs from the double tube a duplex bag-blank, with exposed and portions or edges of both the inner and the outer tube, so that paste may be applied to the inside of the lip or edge S of the outer tube and'to the inside of the lip or edge S of the inner tube. These exposed edges or lips extend the full'width of the blank, so as to se cure a proper adhesion of the posted end to the body of the blank when folded over to form the bottom. The severing is done on three lines, or by three simultaneous cuts at short distances apart. The cut caused by the sudden upward deflection andstrain of the paper against the cutter J severs' the top sides "of the two tubes substantially in the same lmc. In practice, owing to the rapid movement of slight projection of the lining-tube beyond the outertube'at theupper out; but it is not ma: terial, especially when three cuts are made,

' The intermediate cut produced by'the pressure ofthe paper up- I severs the under side of the liuing-tube and of the bottom former severs the lower side of the inclosing-tube. As severed, the duplex tubular blanks "may passfl mdtly to a suitable Any suitable means. may be cmers N N to insure the proper operation of the 5 erly adjusted upon the machine asfar as the a driving-roll, to which power is applied in. I

the paper through the machine, there is a very -ward against the cutting end-J of the former forms the lip S, while the cl 1t by the end f!' bottom pasting and folding machine, or the workmay be done by hand. As before stated, my improvements are-par;

. ticularly designed for themanufacture of bags 'each sheet being of, say, half the weight of the paper usually employed to make single bags. One of the sheets may be bleached and the other unbleached. By using-two sheets of paper together, making up a duplex tubu lar blank-of the same weight as a single blank as ordinarilymade, I produce a stronger and a. more secure bag, for it is obvious that, should there be a weak place in the one blank, it would be protected by the other, and, asthe blanks or double bags are connected onlyat their bottoms, any injury to the one does not necessanly weaken the other. The paper of each blank or bag is free to stretch and conform to the proper shape independently of the other.

Obviously one of the webs or sheets may be oflinen,.muslin, or any suitable fabric, so as to form duplex blanks, with one tube only (either the outer or the inner one) of paper. The blanks may be cut on a single line in some cases, when they are to be used as tubes or. casings only-as, forinsfance, for file-wrappers or covers for papers, &c.- When so'severed the serrated end of the bottom former may terminate flush with, or in the vertical plane of, the cutting-edge of the stationary knife J, or the formers may both terminate short of this knife, and the cutting be done wholly by pressing the tubes against the knife. In some I instances, especially where duplex tubes are to be severed into blanks by a single out, so that their ends will terminate on the same line, or practically flush with each other, I may use a single former, and carry outmy invent-ion so far as relates to my improvement in the art of automatically forming double tubes by simultaneously and continuously drawing along .two separate sheets, independently pasting their edges while the sheets are on the way to the formexyand forming two flattened tubes with parallel straight seams at a single operation, preparatory to severing into blanks. v

The bottom one of the two formers may be made quite narrow throughout, except at its serrated end, thus facilitating the formation.

of the two tubes of such width that one will practically fill up the other, the outside width of the inner tube about corresponding with the inside width of the outer tube; and, when so made, the outer or cutting end of the lower former may be slightly narrower than the corresponding end of the upper former, so as not to spread the outer tube to' an injurious extent,

while yet insuring the cutting sufficiently near to the edges to render certain a proper separation of the blank from thetube by the strain on the paper; The bags are most In Figs. 17 and'18 the top former I terminates at the pressing-rollers G G, the neck 13 and cuttingend-J being dispensed with. In this manner the pushing-feed of -the end of the tube beyond the rollers H H is facilitated, as friction, which would be created on the bottom side of the inner tube, between the formers, were the top former extended, is avoided. In this modified oiganizationof mechanism the blank'sare severed on two cuts, as at Fig. 19, and the bag-bottoms are formed by folding, as shown by Fig. 20; When properly pasted and doubled over, the two tubes, are

securely held together by the pasted lip and the fold.

Instead of the single supporting-roller G or its equivalent, with the two paste wheels, as before described, it is obvious that a second roller, with a paste-wheel and reservoir might be mounted over the first, and the papers pass separately over these rollers to be pasted.

v A single former, such as the bottom oneshown in Figs. 17 and 18, in connection with the pasting and folding mechanism, the knife J? and striker I, may obviously be employed without the top former to produce the duplex blanks. Each duplex blank so formed would be severed by one cut at top-thatis, it wouldbe cut at the end through both 'the outer and" inner upper sides of the tube on the-same line, while the bottom cut would be through the 1 lower side of both the outer and inner tube on f a single line in advance of the upper cut, thu's forming two corresponding. lips or projectiug ends one on the inner. andthe other 'on theouter tube. By cutting off or foldin gin thelip of the inner tube, ablankcorresponding at its bottom or folding end with that shown either lllFlg. 14 or Fig. 19 would be produced to be made into a bag, as in Fig.16 or Fig.. 20, and this Without departing from auimportant art ofmy; invention, which consists in continuously audit simultaneously drawing along two separatj; sheets, applying paste to their. edges, forming the flat tubes one within the other, and press ing down the parallel longitudinal seams, and; then severing thev tubes by diflerent cuts on? parallel lines. Pi I claim as of my own invent-1ou- I 1. As an improvement in the art ofmanu' facturing tubes'for paper bags, 8w, by ma; chiuery, the hereinbefore-described method of simultaneously and continuously forming two flattened tubes with parallel-pasted seams, the one within the other, from two separatesheets or webs ofpaper, preparatory to severing mto short lengths or duplex blanks. y 2. As an improvement in the art of manuj tacturing' paper bags by machinery which anmultaneously forms two unconnected tubes; "theone within the other, from two sheets or. webs of paper, the herinbefore described jonly.

7. The'peculiarlined or duplex bag hereinbefore described, the same consisting of inscares I 1 a method of simultaneously. drawing the two papers along, applying paste to one edge of each sheet, forming the tubes and pressing down the pasted seams preparatory to sever ing blanks from the duplex tube connected with the sheets or webs from which it is con-' tinuously formed. Y

3. As an improvement in the art of manu-' facturing paper tubes for'bags, &c., the hereinbefore described method of simultaneously and continuously forming two flattened parallel-seamed tubes, the one within the other, and subsequently severing the tubes at intcryals to form blanks.

4. As an improvement in the art of manufacturin g paper bags by machinery, the hereinbefore-described method of simultaneously fol-min g two tubes, the one within the other, and, after'so forming them, severing the tubes at intervalsto form duplex bag-blanks having exposed end projections or lips onthe outer tubes, or on both the outer and inner tubes, to receive ihepaste for securing-the bottoms.

5. As, an improveinent'in the art of manufacturing paper bags, the hereinbeforedescribed method of uniting two tubular blanks, the one within the other, which consists in cutting the ends of the tubes (previously formed from long webs or uncut sheets) on parallel inner and outer tubes, or on the outer tubes alone, applying paste to said lips, and'folding them upon the body of the blank. v

6. The hereinbefore-described duplex bagblank, the'same consisting of an inner and an outer'tube-made'up of a uniform number of thicknesses of paper throughout, except at the longitudinallaps or seams, and having no transverselaps or scams,and terminating at the end in exposed parallel projections or lips on the inner and outer tubes, the cuts producing such lips extending the width of the tubes dependent inner and outer tubes united together at the bottom-by pasting and folding and unconnected elsewhere, the said ba g being madenp-from a blank of a uniform number of thicknesses of paper throughout, except at the longitudinal laps or seams, and having no other laps or seams whatever, except those produced by the 'pastingdown of the lips formed by cuts extending the width of the tubular blank only.

8. The combination, substantially .as here- I inbefore set forth, of mechanism for supplying .two sheets of paper and applying paste to the edges thereof, said mechanism being and operating substantially as described, and two formers to which the sheets of paper pass, along which they are drawn, and upon which they are simultaneouslyformed into aninner' and an outer tube.

9. The combination of a former, F, having a neck, f, the supporting arch or bridge, the

annularly=grooved pressing-roller, and the annularly-grooved drawing-roller, substantially as set forth.

10. The combination. substantiailylas here mbefore set forth, of the top former-and the bottom former, projecting beyond the top former and having aserratedend.

ll; The combination of a bottom former,

the supporting arch or bridge, its suspending centrally-open bracket, a top forn1er, a nd its' supporting-bracket, these members being constructed and-operating substantially as here- 1 inbefore set forth. I 12. The combination, substantially as here inbefore set forth, of the paper-su'pplyin g rollers, the paste-wheels, the paste-reservoir, the depressing-wheels, the formers, and their sup-' ports, whereby the edges of the paper are pasted on the way to the formers and the two sheets properly presented to the formersto be formed into a double tube as drawn. along them from the supplying-rollers. 13. The combination, substantially as here before set forth, of a' roller,- G, having an an? nular groove, the bottom former having aneck ladaptedsto enter said groove. and the top former supported on said roller and held above the bottom former.

14.1 The combination of the two formers, having necks'f t, the annularly-grooved roller 'G, the groove of which receives the neck f of the bottom former, and upon which roller 1: e

shoulder of the topformer is supporte ,su

stantiallyas hereinbefore set forth.

'15. ..The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of two formers having necks f a; of diflerent widths, and the drawing-rollers having annular grooves of different/widths to receive the necks of the formers, whereby the clamping .of the paper betweenr-the formers, or between them and the rollers, is'avoided,' and the bite of the rollers upon the paper "at the sides of the former-necks is insured.

16 The combination, substantially as hereinbefore' set forth, of two farmers, arranged oneabovethe other and terminating in serrated ends, with the end of the bottom former pro jecting: slightly beyond that of the top former,

and the stationary cutter above and at a slight distance back from the end of the top former,

whereby the blanks may be severedon three lines.

17. The combination, substantially as here- 'inbefore set forth, of two formers having ser Y blanks on difierent lines, whereby lips for pasting are formed upon both the inner and outer tubes of the. black, as set forth 18. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of twdformers upon which two tubes are simultaneously formed, one

withinthe other, and. .the pressing-finger K,

acting upon the paper near its pasted edge,

for the purpose specified.

'19. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of the two formers and the curved hook-ended pressing-finger crossing the semen pasted edge of the outer tube, and acting upon the inner tube, for the purgose specified.

In testimony whereof I have reunto sub scribed. my name.

FREDERICK E. PORTER.

Witnesses:

P. E. CHAPYELL, Govnn Wmxs. 

